Treatment strategies in gestational anemia due to iron deficiency: narrative review of the literature
Estrategias de tratamiento en anemia gestacional por deficit de hierro: revisión narrativa de la literatura
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Anemia in pregnancy is a common medical condition; easy to handle by health professionals of any level of care. Objective: present therapeutic options for gestational anemia and identify ways to prevent it. Methods: a narrative review of the literature was carried out in different electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL, among others), using free and standardized search terms; between 1990 and 2023. Clinical trials, observational studies, cases and controls, systematic reviews and meta-analysis were included. Results: 103 publications were chosen for this review. Recommended dietary interventions to prevent gestational anemia should include increased intake of iron and vitamin C. Use of iron supplements was associated with improved serum iron levels. The bioavailability of oral iron is low; many times, it is ineffective in preventing and treating iron deficiency; In addition, it frequently causes gastrointestinal effects. Intravenous iron formulations administered in a single or multiple dose series are an available option. Conclusions: The treatment of gestational anemia must be aligned with its exact cause; This should aim to replace iron deficiencies through oral and/or intravenous administration. Dietary pattern and use of iron supplements were identified as preventive factors. Prenatal iron supplementation must be individualized taking into account maternal iron stores, as well as other biological conditions.
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