Bilateral mammary myeloid sarcoma as an extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia in an adolescent girl: case report.
Sarcoma mieloide mamario bilateral como manifestación extramedular de leucemia mieloide aguda en una adolescente: reporte de caso
Article Sidebar
PDF (Español (España))
FLIP
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Main Article Content
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a neoplasm of immature myeloid cells derived from the bone marrow with an aggressive and heterogeneous course. The extramedullary disease is known as “myeloid sarcoma” or extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia in the 2016 WHO classification. It can affect any tissue, but breast involvement is extremely rare. The age at the time of diagnosis ranges from 16 to 73 years, so cases at earlier ages are extraordinary, making their diagnosis a real challenge. We present the case of a 13-year-old adolescent who presented with progressively growing bilateral breast masses, with a subsequent diagnosis of AML. After the diagnostic challenge, a protocol was established and chemotherapy was started with satisfactory results, the patient was controlled by an outpatient support group. The importance of the clinicopathological connections is reaffirmed, the immunohistochemical study is essential to establish the definitive diagnosis, taking into account that the histological characteristics are inconstant and can be confused with other pathologies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There are few cases reported in the literature of breast involvement as the first manifestation of the disease. No reported pediatric cases were found in Colombia.
Downloads
Article Details
De Kouchkovsky I, Abdul-Hay M. Acute myeloid leukemia: A comprehensive review and 2016 update. Blood Cancer J [Internet]. 2016;6(7):66372:e441 Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/bcj.2016.50
Creutzig U, Kutny MA, Barr R, Schlenk RF, Ribeiro RC. Acute myelogenous leukemia in adolescents and young adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer [Internet]. 2018;65(9):e27089. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27089
Creutzig U, Büchner T, Sauerland MC, Zimmermann M, Reinhardt D, Döhner H, et al. Significance of age in acute myeloid leukemia patients younger than 30 years: A common analysis of the pediatric trials AML-BFM 93/98 and the adult trials AMLCG 92/99 and AMLSG HD93/98A. Cancer [Internet]. 2008;112(3):e562–71. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23220
de Rooij JDE, Michel Zwaan C, van den Heuvel-Eibrink M. Pediatric AML: From biology to clinical management. J Clin Med [Internet]. 2015;4(1):e127–49.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm4010127
Narayanan D, Weinberg OK. How I investigate acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol [Internet]. 2020 Feb;42(1):3-15. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13135
Bakst R, Powers A, Yahalom J. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations for Extramedullary Leukemia. Curr Oncol Rep [Internet]. 2020 Jun 24;22(7):75. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-00919-6
Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood [Internet]. 2016;127(20):2391–405. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-03-643544
Shallis RM, Gale RP, Lazarus HM, Roberts KB, Xu ML, Seropian SE, et al. Myeloid sarcoma, chloroma, or extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia tumor: A tale of misnomers, controversy and the unresolved. Blood Rev [Internet]. 2021;47:100773. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2020.100773
Nageen T, Muhammad SZ, Imam U. Myeloid sarcoma: A diagnostic challenge in paediatric practice. J Pak Med Assoc [Internet]. 2021;71(12):2806–8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-54806-9.50185-3
Zhou T, Bloomquist MS, Ferguson LS, Reuther J, Marcogliese AN, Elghetany MT, et al. Pediatric myeloid sarcoma: a single institution clinicopathologic and molecular analysis. Pediatr Hematol Oncol [Internet]. 2020;37(1):76–89. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/08880018.2019.1683107
Dusenbery KE, Howells WB, Arthur DC, Alonzo T, Lee JW, Kobrinsky N, et al. Extramedullary leukemia in children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Children’s Cancer Group. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol [Internet]. 2003;25(10):760–8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/00043426-200310000-00004
Vela-Chávez TA, Arrecillas-Zamora MD, Quintero-Cuadra LY, Fend F. Granulocytic sarcoma of the breast without development of bone marrow involvement: A case report. Diagn Pathol [Internet]. 2009;4(1):1–4. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-4-2
Khatib Y, Farfoura H, Haddad H, Mrie L, Al-Rabie K MM. Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports Acute myeloid leukemia presenting with multiple breast and skin myeloid sarcomas: A case report. J Clin Images Med Case Reports [Internet]. 2021;2(2):1045. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.52768/2766-7820/1045
Amiraian D, McDonough M, Geiger X. Bilateral Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report With Radiological and Pathological Correlation. Cureus [Internet]. 2022;14(5):5–10.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.24731
Hu YG, Deng XH, Lei W, Li XL. Clinical characteristics and management of primary granulocytic sarcoma of the oral cavity: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2020;99(43):e22820.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000022820
Surov A, Wienke A, Abbas J. Breast leukemia: An update. Acta radiol [Internet]. 2012;53(3):261–6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1258/ar.2011.110470
Cunningham I. A clinical review of breast involvement in acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma [Internet]. 2006;47(12):2517–26. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/10428190600967022 .
Nicosia L, Latronico A, Farina M, Bozzini AC, Baratella P, Galimberti VE, et al. Myeloid sarcoma of the breast: A pathology that should not be forgotten. Ecancermedicalscience [Internet]. 2020;14:1–7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2020.1160
Fernandes Vieira V, Vo QD, Bouquet de la Jolinière J, Khomsi F, Feki A, Hoogewoud HM. Granulocytic Sarcoma Presenting as a Palpable Breast Lump. Front Surg [Internet]. 2017;3(January):1–6.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2016.00067
Varol E, Kiraz U, Güler SA, Vural Ç, Gülbaş Z, Utkan NZ. Breast Recurrence of Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Case Report About Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast. Eur J Breast Heal [Internet]. 2021;17(3):292–5.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6386
Ding Y, Xi D, Chen Y, Gu W. Myeloid sarcoma of the breast as a first manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia: A case report. Asian J Surg [Internet]. 2022;45(8):1622–3 Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.03.056 .
Shaikh MS, Kayani N. Aleukemic myeloid sarcoma of the breast. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan [Internet]. 2015;25(October):S122–3.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2019.12.s114
Valbuena JR, Admirand JH, Gualco G, Medeiros LJ. Myeloid sarcoma involving the breast. Arch Pathol Lab Med [Internet], 2005 Jan;129(1):32-8.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-32-msitb
Bakst RL, Tallman MS, Douer D, Yahalom J. How I treat How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia [Internet]. 2011;118(14):3785–93.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-04-347229
Rubnitz JE, Kaspers GJL. How I Treat How I treat pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood [Internet]. 2021;138(12):1009–18.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2021011694
Mohammadiasl J, Khosravi A, Shahjahani M, Azizidoost S, Saki N. Molecular and cellular aspects of extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia. Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment [Internet]. 2016;2:44-50.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-4722.167230 1
Bakst R, Powers A, Yahalom J. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations for Extramedullary Leukemia. Curr Oncol Rep [Internet]. 2020;22(7). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-00919-6
Oliveira ALK, Almeida JHM de, Silva JH do A e, Oliveira JM de. Myeloid sarcoma in the breast in a patient withacute myeloid leukemia: a case report. Mastology [Internet]. 2021;31:2020–2.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.29289/2594539420200081
Fu J, Luo J. Granulocytic sarcoma of the breast in acute myeloid leukemia: Two case reports. Oncol Lett [Internet]. 2014;7(1):145–7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1687
Edison MN, O’Dell MC, Letter HP, Scherer K, Williams JL. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia presenting as bilateral breast masses. Pediatr Radiol [Internet]. 2017;47(1):104–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-016-3710-z
Zhao H, Dong Z, Wan D, Cao W, Xing H, Liu Z, et al. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of 118 cases of myeloid sarcoma. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2022;12(1):1–10. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10831-7
Sakaguchi H, Miyamura T, Tomizawa D, Taga T, Ishida H, Okamoto Y, et al. Effect of extramedullary disease on allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a nationwide retrospective study. Bone Marrow Transplant [Internet]. 2021;56(8):1859–65. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41409-021-01250-9
