Citogenómica en cáncer

Cytogenomics in cancer

Publicado 2026-02-17

Resumen gráfico Citogenómica en cáncer
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Yunis Hazbun LK, Vásquez Rodriguez MY, Yunis JJ. Citogenómica en cáncer. Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 17 [cited 2026 Feb. 17];13(1-Supl):53-71. https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.849

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Vol. 13 Núm. 1-Supl (2026): Biología molecular tumoral: de la básica a la clínica
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Yunis Hazbun LK, Vásquez Rodriguez MY, Yunis JJ. Citogenómica en cáncer. Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 17 [cited 2026 Feb. 17];13(1-Supl):53-71. https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.849
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https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.849
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Luz Karime Yunis
Servicios Médicos Yunis Turbay - Instituto de Genética, Bogotá, Colombia
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3365-5196
Mike Vásquez
Servicios Médicos Yunis Turbay – Instituto de Genética, Bogotá, Colombia
Roles:  
Juan José Yunis
Servicios Médicos Yunis Turbay – Instituto de Genética, Bogotá, Colombia
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7688-9094
Mostrar biografía de los autores

Luz Karime Yunis,

Médica (MD), Magister en Genética Humana (MS), Doctora en Oncología (PhD). Directora médica de área.

Mike Vásquez ,

Biólogo, BS, analista de laboratorio análisis y desarrollo

Juan José Yunis,

MD, MSc. Servicios Médicos Yunis Turbay – Instituto de Genética.

Introducción: la citogenómica combina herramientas citogenéticas clásicas con tecnologías genómicas avanzadas para estudiar alteraciones estructurales del genoma, lo que ha revolucionado el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer en el contexto de la medicina de precisión.

Métodos: se realizó una revisión narrativa basada en 57 fuentes científicas publicadas entre 2010 y 2025, seleccionadas mediante búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron artículos originales, revisiones, guías clínicas y documentos técnicos. Se utilizaron palabras clave como citogenómica, cáncer, NGS, OGM, medicina de precisión, multiómicas e inteligencia artificial.

Resultados: las técnicas citogenómicas como cariotipo, FISH, MLPA, microarreglos, NGS y mapeo óptico genómico, permiten detectar alteraciones genómicas con valor diagnóstico, pronóstico y terapéutico. La integración con inteligencia artificial mejora la eficiencia y precisión del análisis. Asimismo, los enfoques multiómicos permiten caracterizar mejor los perfiles tumorales y descubrir nuevas dianas terapéuticas. Guías clínicas internacionales y proyectos colaborativos han reforzado su implementación.

Conclusiones: la citogenómica, combinada con la inteligencia artificial y el análisis multiómico, está redefiniendo el abordaje clínico del cáncer. Aunque persisten desafíos técnicos y éticos, su adopción en medicina personalizada continúa en expansión.

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