Guía práctica para la personalización del tratamiento oncológico de los principales tumores sólidos en Colombia
Clinical practice guidelines for personalized oncological treatment of the main solid tumors in Colombia
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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Introducción: la constante evolución de la genómica tumoral está asociada al desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos, en este contexto diversas asociaciones de oncología (ASCO, ESMO, NCCN) han desarrollado guías de práctica clínica, las cuales ofrecen recomendaciones sobre las indicaciones de la realización de secuenciación de próxima generación (NGS) para identificar blancos terapéuticos, biomarcadores predictivos y pronósticos en múltiples tumores sólidos. La rápida expansión de las recomendaciones se debe a una mayor comprensión del panorama molecular y a su aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica habitual, llegando a incluir tumores raros con alteraciones agnósticas.
Métodos: se realizó una evaluación integral de las recomendaciones sobre genotipificación en cáncer, para ello se usó la clasificación de las alteraciones genómicas según la escala para la accionabilidad clínica de blancos moleculares (ESCAT, por sus siglas en inglés), que permite identificar las neoplasias que requieren estudios complementarios de biología molecular como el NGS, en los que se ha reconocido beneficio clínico ante la posibilidad de contar con terapias accionables. Se priorizó la presentación de la información con Nivel I ante mayor evidencia de este grupo de mutaciones y, se acordó informar sobre la presencia de alteraciones genómicas con información en evolución (nivel II), para facilitar la inclusión de sujetos en ensayos clínicos y así promover el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos.
Resultados: se incluyeron treinta y cuatro neoplasias con indicación de estudio molecular y treinta terapias dirigidas con nivel de evidencia.
Conclusión: la solicitud de estudios moleculares mejora los desenlaces clínicos a corto y mediano plazo.
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