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Políticas públicas para la integración de la biología molecular tumoral en la práctica oncológica: lecciones de los marcos internacionales y una hoja de ruta para América Latina

Public policy for integrating molecular tumor biology in oncology practice: lessons from international frameworks and a roadmap for Latin America


Graphical abstract Public policy for integrating molecular tumor biology in oncology practice: lessons from international frameworks and a roadmap for Latin America
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Wagner-Gutierrez N. Políticas públicas para la integración de la biología molecular tumoral en la práctica oncológica: lecciones de los marcos internacionales y una hoja de ruta para América Latina. Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 17 [cited 2026 Feb. 17];13(1-Supl):474-90. https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.842

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Wagner-Gutierrez N. Políticas públicas para la integración de la biología molecular tumoral en la práctica oncológica: lecciones de los marcos internacionales y una hoja de ruta para América Latina. Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 17 [cited 2026 Feb. 17];13(1-Supl):474-90. https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.842

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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.


Nicolle Wagner-Gutierrez,

Médica e Ingeniera Biomédica, Cursando doctorado (PhD) en Política y Gestión en Salud en la Universidad de Carolina del Norte en Chapel Hill. 


Antecedentes: los avances en biología molecular tumoral han transformado la oncología al permitir enfoques de intervención basados en biomarcadores para el diagnóstico, el pronóstico y el tratamiento. Sin embargo, la integración de estas innovaciones en la práctica clínica habitual depende en gran medida de los marcos de políticas públicas que regulan la validación de pruebas, el reembolso y el acceso equitativo.

Objetivo: esta revisión examina las experiencias internacionales sobre políticas relativas al uso de biomarcadores en oncología, evalúa el panorama actual en América Latina y propone una hoja de ruta para la adopción equitativa de la biología molecular tumoral en la región.

Enfoque: se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura revisada por pares y de documentos de políticas de referencia. Se analizaron los marcos regulatorios de Estados Unidos, Canadá y la Unión Europea para estrategias de reembolso y evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias (ETS). La evidencia latinoamericana se sintetizó a partir de estudios publicados e informes regionales sobre cobertura, judicialización e infraestructura.

Resultados: en los países de altos ingresos, la integración de biomarcadores se apoya en una sólida supervisión regulatoria, una ETS estructurada y mecanismos de reembolso, aunque el acceso sigue siendo desigual. En América Latina, el acceso está fragmentado, con importantes disparidades entre los sectores público y privado. Las barreras incluyen reembolsos limitados, infraestructura de laboratorios deficiente, escasez de personal y la ausencia de marcos regulatorios estandarizados. La judicialización se ha convertido en una vía de acceso común, pero inequitativa. Existen oportunidades para aprovechar las colaboraciones regionales, el desarrollo de biobancos y la gobernanza armonizada de datos.

Conclusiones: la innovación en políticas es esencial para garantizar una oncología de precisión equitativa en América Latina. Se propone una hoja de ruta en etapas que abarca la claridad regulatoria, el reembolso piloto, la capacitación del personal y la armonización regional a largo plazo. La preparación para tecnologías emergentes, como la biopsia líquida y las terapias agnósticas para tumores, será fundamental para evitar el aumento de las disparidades y aprovechar al máximo el potencial de la biología molecular tumoral en la región.


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