piRNAs y proteínas similares a PIWI en el cáncer y su futuro como biomarcadores y dianas terapéuticas en el cáncer de páncreas: revisión sistemática

piRNAs and PIWI-like proteins in cancer and their future as biomarkers and therapy targets in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review

Publicado 2025-06-27

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Reyes Barreto JS, Picón Moncada LT, Sánchez Moreno IL, Gaona Fernández LA. piRNAs y proteínas similares a PIWI en el cáncer y su futuro como biomarcadores y dianas terapéuticas en el cáncer de páncreas: revisión sistemática. Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 27 [cited 2025 Dec. 5];12(1):91-106. https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.718

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Vol. 12 Núm. 1 (2025): Enero-Junio
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Reyes Barreto JS, Picón Moncada LT, Sánchez Moreno IL, Gaona Fernández LA. piRNAs y proteínas similares a PIWI en el cáncer y su futuro como biomarcadores y dianas terapéuticas en el cáncer de páncreas: revisión sistemática. Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 27 [cited 2025 Dec. 5];12(1):91-106. https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.718
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https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.718
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Jheremy Sebastian Reyes Barreto
Universidad de Los Andes image/svg+xml
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7366-0881
Laura Tatiana Picón Moncada
Grupo de investigación en cáncer y medicina molecular (CAMMO)
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-7750
Iris Lorena Sánchez Moreno
Grupo de investigación en cáncer y medicina molecular (CAMMO)
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-5470
Libia Andrea Gaona Fernández
Grupo de investigación en cáncer y medicina molecular (CAMMO)
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7367-4666
Mostrar biografía de los autores

Jheremy Sebastian Reyes Barreto,

Estudiante de medicina, Universidad de Los Andes / Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá . Fundador grupo de investigación en cáncer y medicina molecular (CAMMO)

Laura Tatiana Picón Moncada,

Microbióloga. Grupo de investigación en cáncer y medicina molecular (CAMMO)

Iris Lorena Sánchez Moreno,

Bióloga. Grupo de investigación en cáncer y medicina molecular (CAMMO)

Libia Andrea Gaona Fernández,

Médica Familiar. Grupo de investigación en cáncer y medicina molecular (CAMMO)

Introducción: Esta revisión sistemática examina los roles de los ARN interactuantes con PIWI (piRNAs) y las proteínas similares a PIWI en el cáncer de páncreas, evaluando su potencial como biomarcadores diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Estudios recientes sugieren que estos piRNAs y proteínas PIWI están involucrados en la regulación génica asociada con la progresión del cáncer, lo que los posiciona como objetivos prometedores en oncología. Métodos: La revisión se adhirió a las directrices PRISMA, enfocándose en el uso de piRNAs y proteínas PIWI como biomarcadores de diagnóstico, pronóstico o predicción terapéutica en el cáncer de páncreas. Se incluyeron estudios de PubMed, EMBASE y ScienceDirect considerando únicamente publicaciones en inglés o español de los últimos cinco años. Se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo mediante la herramienta SYRCLE, una lista de verificación CONSORT modificada y AMSTAR2. Resultados: Se seleccionaron cinco estudios clave. Los hallazgos incluyen que el piR-162725 mejora la precisión diagnóstica para el cáncer de páncreas en etapa temprana en combinación con CA19-9, mientras que el piR-017061 inhibe el crecimiento de células de cáncer pancreático mediante la degradación de ARNm de EFNA5. PIWIL1 promueve la metástasis a través de un mecanismo independiente de piRNA, y piR-hsa-30937 en vesículas extracelulares pequeñas genera un ambiente inmunosupresor en neoplasias neuroendocrinas pancreáticas. Conclusiones: Los piRNAs y las proteínas PIWI muestran potencial como biomarcadores y objetivos terapéuticos en el cáncer de páncreas. Futuros estudios deben validar estos hallazgos en cohortes más grandes y explorar terapias basadas en piRNAs. Comprender los roles mecanicistas de los piRNAs podría mejorar la detección temprana y los resultados terapéuticos en el cáncer de páncreas.

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