Adenovirus infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Infección por adenovirus en receptores pediátricos de trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos

Published 2025-06-27

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Brito Moreno JA, Calderon Gasca A. Adenovirus infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 27 [cited 2025 Dec. 5];12(1):240-54. https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.707

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Brito Moreno JA, Calderon Gasca A. Adenovirus infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 27 [cited 2025 Dec. 5];12(1):240-54. https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.707
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Javier Alexander Brito Moreno
Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9911-8514
Alejandra Calderon Gasca
Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá image/svg+xml
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-0185
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Javier Alexander Brito Moreno,

 Médico, Hematooncólogo Pediatra.

Alejandra Calderon Gasca ,

Médica, Especialista en Pediatría, Especialista en Hemato oncología pediátrica, Maestría en Trasplante de Progenitores Hematopoyético e Inmunoterapia, Maestría en Oncología Neurológica.

Introduction: adenovirus infection occurs in approximately 14–16% of patients within the first 3–4 months following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with higher incidence in the pediatric population compared to adults. This is associated with an increased risk of adenovirus disease and overall mortality at 6 months. Prevention of adenovirus disease relies on early detection of viral replication in blood or stool and timely intervention. Cidofovir, a cytosine monophosphate nucleotide analog, is currently the only antiviral agent recommended for adenovirus infection. Method: a systematic review was conducted on adenovirus infection in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Full-text articles were assessed, and key information was extracted, including study design, population, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Due to heterogeneity among studies, findings were summarized narratively. Results: in pediatric transplant recipients, fecal screening is recommended both before and after the procedure. Treatment strategies include immunosuppression reduction, cidofovir or brincidofovir administration. Immunotherapy with virus-specific T cells shows promise, although its use is limited by accessibility and production time. Early monitoring improves prognosis. Conclusion: adenovirus infection in HSCT requires timely diagnosis and screening, along with antiviral treatment and adoptive immunotherapy. In Colombia, these therapies are currently unavailable; therefore, it is essential to raise awareness of their importance to improve care for these immunosuppressed patients.

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