Bilateral mammary myeloid sarcoma as an extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia in an adolescent girl: case report.

Sarcoma mieloide mamario bilateral como manifestación extramedular de leucemia mieloide aguda en una adolescente: reporte de caso

Published 2023-08-03

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Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): Enero-junio
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Clinic cases
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Bilateral mammary myeloid sarcoma as an extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia in an adolescent girl: case report.
Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2023 Aug. 3 [cited 2024 Dec. 25];10(1):52-60. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.511
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Maria Jose Daniels Garcia
Universidad de Cartagena.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-5709
    Esneida Milena Ferreira Pacheco
    Universidad de Cartagena.
      https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-1523
      Karen Elizabeth Tous Barrios
      Universidad del Sinú
        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-4724
        Heidy Marsiglia Armella
        Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco.
          https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-4457
          Ayslin Gonzales Cabarcas
          Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco.
            https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-6898
            Show authors biography

            Maria Jose Daniels Garcia,

            Médico Residente de Pediatría, Universidad de Cartagena

            Esneida Milena Ferreira Pacheco,

            Médico Residente de Pediatría, Universidad de Cartagena.

            Karen Elizabeth Tous Barrios,

            Médico Residente de Pediatría, Universidad del Sinú.

            Heidy Marsiglia Armella,

            Oncóloga Pediatra, Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco.

            Ayslin Gonzales Cabarcas,

            Oncohematóloga Pediatra, Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco.

            Zulma Liliana Mendez,

            Patóloga, Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco.

            Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a neoplasm of immature myeloid cells derived from the bone marrow with an aggressive and heterogeneous course. The extramedullary disease is known as “myeloid sarcoma” or extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia in the 2016 WHO classification. It can affect any tissue, but breast involvement is extremely rare. The age at the time of diagnosis ranges from 16 to 73 years, so cases at earlier ages are extraordinary, making their diagnosis a real challenge. We present the case of a 13-year-old adolescent who presented with progressively growing bilateral breast masses, with a subsequent diagnosis of AML. After the diagnostic challenge, a protocol was established and chemotherapy was started with satisfactory results, the patient was controlled by an outpatient support group. The importance of the clinicopathological connections is reaffirmed, the immunohistochemical study is essential to establish the definitive diagnosis, taking into account that the histological characteristics are inconstant and can be confused with other pathologies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There are few cases reported in the literature of breast involvement as the first manifestation of the disease. No reported pediatric cases were found in Colombia.

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