Gastric cancer: natural history and risk factors

Cáncer gástrico: historia de la enfermedad y factores de riesgo

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Gastric cancer: natural history and risk factors.
Rev. colomb. hematol. oncol. [Internet]. 2022 May 2 [cited 2025 Jan. 2];8(2):161-78. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.51643/22562915.372
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Tania Liseth Pérez Cala
Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-3289
    Alejandra Cardona Estepa
    Universidad de Antioquia
      https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-6405
      Alonso Martínez
      Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-6087
        Show authors biography

        Tania Liseth Pérez Cala,

        Bacterióloga, Magíster en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas. Grupo Bacterias & Cáncer, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

        Alejandra Cardona Estepa,

        Estudiante de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia. Grupo Bacterias & Cáncer, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

        Alonso Martínez,

        Biólogo, Magister en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Doctorado. Grupo Bacterias & Cáncer, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

        Noncommunicable chronic diseases, including cancer, are overtaking infectious diseases as the main health threat in countries like Colombia. Colombian economy is growing rapidly leading to an increase in the quality of life. This growth is also related to an increase in smoking, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, unhealthy eating habits, exposition to carcinogenic environmental pollutants, urbanization, and elderly population. All of these explain the higher number of cancer cases related to preventable risks. However, this differs from findings in developed countries, wherein the mortality of gastric cancer, specifically, decreases due to early detection, preventable interventions, or effective therapies. Due to these reasons, it is important to research the variables involved in the determination, onset, and development of the disease in the country. Gastric cancer is a public health problem in Colombia with the highest cancer related mortality. Gastric cancer is also a multifactorial, long standing, asymptomatic, and no-specific symptoms disease. In Colombia, it is necessary to carry out research aimed at reducing the burden of this disease. Moreover, this can be achieved by reducing the risk and identifying the possible factors involved. Considering the necessity to compile information that allows us identifying the different factors involved in the development of gastric cancer in the region, a topic review was made for compiling the published literature on some risk factors.

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