Actividad antitumoral de complejos de cobre(II) con fenantrolina y dipéptidos en células de cáncer de mama
Antitumor activity of copper(II) complexes with phenanthroline and dipeptides in cultured breast cancer cells
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La búsqueda de terapias antitumorales no tóxicas ha aumentado, y nuevos estudios están dirigidos al desarrollo de diferentes complejos metálicos unidos a moléculas esenciales como aminoácidos. Método: se estudiaron dos compuestos de cobre(II) con un ligando principal como 1,10 fenantrolina (phen). El complejo [CuCl2(phen)] (1) fue estudiado en comparación a un complejo ternario con un dipéptido (resultado de la unión de dos aminoácidos como alanina y fenilalanina como ligando auxiliar) [Cu(L-Ala-Phe) (phen)]·4 H2O (2) en la línea celular de cáncer de mama humano MCF-7. Resultados: el análisis funcional mostró que ambos complejos provocan efectos antiproliferativos y de inhibición de clones, aunque ninguno de ellos presentó aumento en la producción de EROs. Por otro lado, el fenómeno de muerte celular inducido por el complejo 1 ocurre a través del proceso de necrosis, mientras que el complejo 2 provoca la inducción de apoptosis temprana. Asimismo, sólo a bajas concentraciones del complejo 2 (1 μM) encontramos quiebres dobles y simples del ADN, lo que sugiere que podría ser uno de los blancos moleculares relacionados con su actividad antitumoral. Conclusión: este compuesto es un candidato promisorio para posteriores estudios in vivo que demuestren ser una buena alternativa de terapia para el cáncer de mama.
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