Tratamiento citorreductor disponible en Colombia para la trombocitemia esencial. Revisión panorámica de la evidencia
Cytoreductive treatment for essential thrombocythemia in Colombia. Panoramic review of the evidence
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La trombocitemia esencial (TE) es una neoplasia mieloproliferativa crónica BCR-ABL negativa, caracterizada por la producción excesiva de plaquetas clonales. La prevalencia mundial varía, siendo aproximadamente 38 a 57 por 100.000. El tratamiento de la TE tiene como objetivo reducir el riesgo de trombosis o complicaciones hemorrágicas.
Objetivo: el objetivo de la presente revisión panorámica es evaluar la evidencia actual sobre el tratamiento citoreductor de la trombocitemia esencial disponible en Colombia. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de literatura respecto a la efectividad y seguridad de los tratamientos citoreductores en el paciente con trombocitemia esencial. A partir de la pregunta de investigación con estructura PICO, se definieron los criterios de inclusión: pacientes con trombocitemia esencial, en manejo con Anagrelida y/o Hidroxiurea. Se incluyeron estudios de revisiones sistemáticas, metanálisis, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados: se realizó una búsqueda en MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews, que arrojó 119 referencias de las cuales se incluyeron cuatro estudios, que cumplían con las características de la población, intervención y comparador. Conclusiones: la terapia citorreductora es fundamental para el manejo de la trombocitemia esencial. La evidencia sugiere que tanto Hidroxiurea como Anangrelida son agentes que brindan una protección similar contra eventos trombo-hemorrágicos clínicamente significativos.
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